I need a conclusion statement (ppragraph) for Google Glass Research Paper

I need a conclusion statement (ppragraph) for Google Glass - Research Paper Example Google glass is a new application, and people are not familiar with its usability. It has applications that are different from those existing in mobile computers such as car navigation system, laptops, and cell phones. The Google Glass software is at the trial stages hence can be considered immature and difficult for people to apply. It is also not practical for the Google to physically train their customers on how to use the gadget. However, there are some programs that can be accessed via internet that can train people on how to use the Glass. The programs are also able to involve people from their convenient places such as their homes and workplace by giving feedback as well as asking questions (Kaufman 77). The fact that the Google Glass is a new technology, many users fear that their privacy may be jeopardized. Some think that the gadget may be used in monitoring their privacy in their workplace as well as their homes. People using the Glass scare others by making them think that the persons wearing the Glass is secretly taking photos and videos which can be shared to a remote server and be used for other purposes. It is as a result of the breach of privacy that people are barred from using the Glass in places such as casinos and other personal businesses premises. Though the gadget is used in sending and receiving text, e-mails, news updates and photos just like the phones, the Google has to address issues related to privacy. The fact that the technology is very new in the market, not much has been done to determine its safety on the users. There are reported cases where people without vision problem experience headache and eyestrains after using the glass for a short time. There is also an unknown risk to people with eye problems such as those who had once undergone a Lasik surgery after using the Glass. The use of the Google Glass is also not suitable for children under the age of 13

A geopolitical analysis of The Clinton Administration's 1995 National Research Paper

A geopolitical analysis of The Clinton Administration's 1995 National Security Strategy - Research Paper Example The national security strategy of 1995 Clinton administration was listed out in a document titled, A National Security Strategy of Engagement and Enlargement, published by the White House in February 1995 (The White House, 1995). The new strategy had its attention more focused on the â€Å"ethnic conflicts† which were on the rise all over the world and also the challenges raised by the so-called â€Å"rogue states† (The White House, 1995, p.1 of preface). Another major aspect of the change that was reflected in the NSS 1995 was the shifting of attention of the US from the communist nations, towards a wider geopolitical realm, to say, the whole world. Geo-politically, the two major concerns, which have prompted the formulation of a new security strategy for the US, had been â€Å"the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction† and the â€Å"political instability in many countries and regions† caused by population explosion and â€Å"environmental degrada tion† (The White House, 1995, p.1 of preface). It was evident that the US was redefining its national security concerns on geo-political lines rather than the previous practice of seeing national security in relation with the ideological realm, especially communism. The immediate yet indirect threats to global political stability from certain regions and nations based on geopolitical issues like ethnicity, and environment were seriously accounted for, the first time in US history. The new National Security Strategy was prepared â€Å"in accordance with Section 603 of the Goldwater- Nichols Defense Department Reorganization Act 1986 (The White House, 1995, p.1 of preface). The declared key objectives of this strategy document had been, â€Å"to sustain our [America’s] security with military forces that are ready to fight, to bolster America's economic revitalization [and] to promote democracy abroad† (The White House, 1995, p.1 of preface). The first two objectiv es represented the natural security concerns of any nation but the third objective was specific to America with its long history of intervening in the matters of other nations with a vision of a global super power. And the attention imparted to link the economic development of the nation with the security aspect is again unique to the US. This is an indicator of the geo-political stand that this country has been adopting ever since its establishment as a rich and powerful nation. The dependence of the US economy on weapon trade, oil, and other natural resources (scarce inside the nation and available in plenty in the third world and the Middle East) can be one reason why concepts of security become entangled with internal matters of foreign countries and regions for this nation, thus giving national security a distinct global geopolitical edge. For example Saudi Arabia has been â€Å"the largest customer for US military hardware† (Cohen, 2003, p.356). Similarly, the greatest labor force that America has to run its industries has been flowing from Mexico (Cohen, 2003, p.135). And â€Å"the United States invaded Haiti in 1915 to protect U.S. investments and properties in a military occupation that lasted until 1934† (Cohen, 2003, p.107). Making of the NSS The National Security Strategy document is prepared by the US government administration beginning the process with a â€Å"preferred approach to national security† (Bartolotto, 2004, p.6). The â€Å"process of initiating, controlling, developing, writing, and publishing the NSS† is entrusted with the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, who also is the head of

Building Rapport in Community Setting

Building Rapport in Community Setting Clint B. Magbago Introduction This written report is all about cultural assortment which is also relating to or including many different cultures. To give you an idea what this written report is all about, it is having a heart and mind that concede, accepts, values and celebrates other ways in which people live and interact all over the world. Everybody is embraced by cultural diversity at any rates of their cultural differences. People are harmonious by cultural diversity over common phase that includes acceptance, well-being, security, esteem and physical, emotional and spiritual neutrality. FILIPINO CULTURE The Filipino culture consists of a variety of different cultures. These cultures vary from different places in the country. Although there are many cultures, there are common practices practiced by the Filipinos. Firstly, Filipino people commonly use the words Mano Po. Mano is a Spanish word for hand while Po is used in the end of the sentence when addressing elders or superiors. (Filipino Customs And Traditions) This implicates a show of respect to elderly people. Mano po is done by putting the right back hand of the elderly on the forehead of the younger ones. This also means that a blessing is given by the elderly people. Secondly, Filipinos have their unique traits of Family close ties. It is one of the outstanding cultural values that Filipinos have. The family takes care of each other and is taught to be loyal to family and elders by simply obeying their authorities. (Traditional Culture And Modern Culture: Mans Fall From Grace) One of the good examples is having a family reuni on during temporal and religious holidays like Christmas, fiestas, holy week, wedding, birthdays and many more where all the relatives are invited regardless of the number of people going. This means that Filipino culture is not only a traditional practice but also in the spiritual aspects of family bonding. Lastly, we Filipinos are very romantic. When it comes to dating, a traditional dry run is done where a man serenades a woman. In our language, it is called harana. Harana is one of the most popular forms of courtship to show that a man is very serious with his intentions to a woman. (Filipino Customs and Traditions) The young man will sing a love song in front of the ladys house. The man usually brings an instrument like guitar or sometimes it is done in acapella. You will figure out if the woman has the same feelings if she opens their windows when the young man started to sing. It also shows a sign of respect to the man who is serenading. In addition, the parents of the woman must be there to entertain the man after serenading. Usually, he is offered with food and drink. Getting to know the mans intentions, the family tends to ask questions and decide whether he is fit for the hand of their daughter. FILIPINO BELIEFS When it comes to religion, the Philippines are one of the large catholic cluster in Asia. Filipinos believe that having a strong devotion may lead to a better life and their guidance to face everyday life. (Filipino Customs And Traditions) Some Filipinos go to church every Sundays, others go twice or thrice a week depends on their devotion and how they reflect their self. Filipinos have a strong faith and belief when it comes to religion. One good example of this is Sinulog where it is a feast of Jesus Christ when he was a small child and is celebrated in Cebu City, Philippines during the 3rd Sunday of January. Different people of different countries and different places in the Philippines are all gathered together to witness the festival of the saint. They usually do the sinulog dance where they dance together with the statue of a small Jesus Christ in the street. With this celebration some people may risk their lives because of too many people gathered in the street, some are exhau sted and others are cannot breath. On worst case scenarios, it may cause a stampede. Moreover, there is another event like this, namely the feast of the black Nazarene (in Quiapo Manila) where many people wanted to touch the statue with their small handkerchief in hopes of transferring the blessing and luck from the statue. This can be a bit dangerous since thousands of people are gathered around the statue. On the other hand Filipinos also believe in superstitions. These beliefs are nabes of our culture, for one make out their beliefs from the leverage of what their customs, they charge culture and traditions to discuss anonymous or try to affright the people. Some are practiced primarily because Filipinos believe that there is nothing to lose if they will comply with these beliefs. (Filipino Customs And Traditions) it is thought by our distinct ancestors that there are other different living things that still exist in our world that we do not see in our own naked eye, and we need to respect them for us to be free from harm or any possible danger. FILIPINO COSTUMS AND VALUES Filipino people have a different variety of taste when it comes to food. We also have different specialty from different regions of the Philippines where they made unique types of lovely and tasty cuisine, but there is this one well known type of food where you can see it any every occasions. Filipinos call it lechon. It is a roasted pig that most Filipinos love because of the crispy and crunchy skin and the belly part that has a fantastic taste. It is delicious because all of the ingredients are put inside the belly of the pig that allows it to ooze out and spread all throughout the body. In addition Filipinos like to eat, we have this unique diet that came up to a six meals a day and some are eating midnight snack before going to sleep. RUSSIAN CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS On the other hand, there are many different cultures that are migrating here in Auckland. One of this is the Russian people but they have lesser number of population. They have an organization here that celebrates their own unique custom and traditions. As what I have observed, Russian people here in Auckland they have this irrational attitude so dont ever give try to reason out to them because it will never work for them. They have this chaos belief, serendipity, and adaptation. (Russian Customs And Traditions). In addition, they prize generosity, they can have you their final meal they have if they take that you really require it. So if you are in need they will help you as long as they can, but you have to give back in return. Moreover Russian people also are quite emotional if they have problems. They will keep it to themselves thats why Russians are prone to suicidal attempts. They are also very respectful to women especially to old women. If there are gathering and they invited you, you must bring some present like beer or something that can contribute. Furthermore, Russian people dont talk too much to strangers, but they are a very good friend when you know them better. Russians are not racist; we were grown up in the world, where everybody is equal and where the friendship of nations is an important part of our agenda. (Russian Customs And Traditions). If encountered with a different looking person, Russians tend to stare at people. But, this does not mean that they are judging the person, it is so because they see the person is different and they havent seen one in their country. In addition Russian people also believe in force field, for example the sunlight, they set stored by giving to them a good mood and nice feeling. TWO STRATIGIES ON HOW TO BUILD TRUST AND RAPPORT I think in dealing with this kind of culture is not easy for me to do but there are plenty of ways to catch their attention and established rapport. Firstly, you must accept their culture so that you will know and understand their way of living. In this way, we will be able to understand and interact easily with them. Secondly, you must introduce yourself properly and explain to them what your intentions are because they are cautious when it comes to strangers. Knowing each other is simplest way in establishing trust and rapport to one another. CONCLUSION In conclusion, there are no boundaries of getting to know other cultures, worried no more as long as you know its limitations and able to deal, understand, accept, and respect each culture as we encountered in our daily journey. REFERENCES Filipino Customs And Traditions. Vigattin Tourism (ARTICLES) Philippines. N.p., 2017. Web. 29 Jan. 2017. Russian Customs And Traditions. Way to Russia Guide. N.p., 2017. Web. 30 Jan. 2017.

Gender of Nature: Mother Earth :: Essays Papers

Gender of Nature: Mother Earth â€Å"Forget not that the earth delights to feel your bare feet and the wind longs to play with your hair.† -The Prophet, by Kahlil Gibran There is no voice more comforting than Mama’s. In the womb we are suspended in safe warmth, hearing every noise that Mama makes. And we don’t just hear her voice. We feel its vibrations, its muffled hum, through our ears and our entire forming bodies. It’s no wonder that that is often the only voice that can comfort us in the distress of our new little lives. Yet, what of the mother who cannot speak? Can she still comfort her baby? Yes, because it is much more than vocal chords that connect a baby with its birth mother. After all, Baby eats all that Mama eats, breathes Mama’s air, knows Mama’s way of moving and laughing†¦Baby feels every surge of adrenaline that Mama feels. Bonds don’t get more intimate than that. Even after Baby is born, this bond is strengthened through long bouts of staring into each other’s eyes, through feeling the lulling rhythm of Mama’s breathing while sleeping against her chest, through time spent together saturated in touch and play. This phenomenon of intimacy is so powerful that it surpasses any blindness or handicap Mama could possibly have. Not only do we all have this precious connection with our Mama’s, we also have a strong, and similar, connection with Earth. Philosopher, Roger S. Gottlieb, tells plainly of our connection with Earth, saying, â€Å"We all live and breathe and drink the water and receive the food from the soil†¦Ã¢â‚¬  We are dependent on Earth, like infants depend on Mama, for life itself. It daily sustains us, in body, as well as in spirit. It is a tragedy that we have lost sight of our connection with Earth. In his book, Vocation: Discerning Our Callings in Life, Douglass Schuurman says, â€Å"Some dullards have no curiosity or sense of wonder at the harmony and beauty of creation; others have had it drummed out of them by suffering or deadening educational systems. But traces of the sense of wonder and the quest for meaning survive in most human beings. (65)† Perhaps it can be said that some dullardshave no curiosity or sense of wonder at the harmony and beauty of their Mama, the one in whom their life began.

Market Research †Case Study Spaghetti Fettuccini Essay

1. Establish the goals of research that should be developed. There are several goals of research that should be developed for Fettuccini S.A.. First of all, they need to properly analyze their current situation and know especially the Spanish consumer’s behaviour and expectations in order to adapt their product to the market’s demands. Also, they need to consider their potential new costumers. They also need to analyze their competition, get to know what products and at what price they are selling and what are the competitor’s weaknesses so that they can get strategic advantage out of their position. The company has some experiences with selling whole grain pasta, but they need to test their new products, especially the new pasta product line since it is a fresh product. Fettuccini S.A. also needs to find out if they should open their own points of sales or if they should rather focus on distribution to existing shops. Finally, they need to establish a marketing strategy in order to know what kind of advertisement is the most suitable and effective for their business, and the way in which they want to transmit their messages. As the company had problems with punctual delivery and their service in general before, it would definitely be necessary to investigate also about these two points. They are not acceptable and must be improved once the reasons for both of these weaknesses are figured out. Another problem which should be resolved by investigating within the company is the company’s structure itself; it is not efficient since the different departments are located in different areas of Spain. Such a decentralized management is not agile enough for a company of Fettuccini’s size and produces too high costs. 2. Through the Internet, conduct a research to determine the secondary market for fresh pasta and define the main competitors of our company. The Fettuccini Company has already investigated on the secondary distribution of some new products such as freshly prepared pasta in order to diversify their offer, which was marketed in the fast-food restaurants of an accredited company in Madrid. Since the primary market for Fettuccini S.A. is the public administration, I would consider the following possible secondary private markets. An estimation of the world pasta production gives us an idea of the positioning of the Spanish pasta market. The estimated world pasta production in 2012 has been around 13.5 million tonnes, distributed as follows[1]: Spain has produced 252,208 tons and is ranked on the 13th position of the global pasta producers while number one, Italy, has produced 3,316,728 tons. As far as the pasta consumption is concerned, Italy dominates with 26.0 kg/ capita, while Spain only consumes 5.0 kg/ capita[2]. Although the pasta market in Spain is not as huge as in Italy, there is still enough potential for successful production and distribution of pasta products. The main competitors of Fettuccini S.A. come mainly from Italy and are companies like Buitoni with 22% of the market share, El Pavo, Rana or Gallo with a 10% of the total market share[3]. Other smaller competitors could possibly be Gusti d’Italia S.R.L., EGO Internationl S.R.L. or Tomasicchio Giuseppe[4]. The secondary market for fresh pasta products in Spain is â€Å"on counter†, which would be through chains serving fresh products such as Nostrum, Fresco etc., and also the traditional restaurants serving fresh pasta. Another big secondary market for fresh pasta are supermarkets[5]. Furthermore, specialized small shops selling food to take away for example should also be taken into account as potential customers. Delicatessen shops and restaurants can also be interesting partners for Fettuccini S.A. since both are offering high quality and exclusive fresh products. Another big secondary market are companies who offer catering or lunch service for their employees, and who might be interested in receiving daily fresh pasta dishes. The big opportunity for Fettuccini S.A. in this secondary market is that they produce in Spain, which means they should be able to deliver a lot faster and at a more competitive price. 3. Define the qualitative technique that you will use and introduce a dash of qualitative questions. In order to obtain data and useful information about what Fettuccini S.A. can expect from their potential market, get to know the preferences of their costumers and establish themselves in the market, they could use several qualitative techniques such as focus groups, triads, dyads, in-depth interviews, uninterrupted observation, bulletin boards, and ethnographic participation/observation. But due to the problem that many of these techniques are not only expensive, but especially time-consuming and the responses might be difficult to interpret, Fettuccini S.A. should in my opinion work with focus groups and combine the results with the results obtained from observation in points of sales, for example. Both for the focus groups and for the observations in points of sales, this could be combined with letting people taste the fresh pasta products and afterwards asking them specific questions.

Themes in My Antonia

â€Å"We sat looking off across the country, watching the sun go down. The curly grass about us was on fire now. The bark of the oaks turned red as copper. There was a shimmer of gold on the brown river. Out in the stream the sandbars glittered like glass, and the light trembled in the willow thickets as if little flames were leaping among them. The breeze sank to stillness. In the ravine a ringdove mourned plaintively, and somewhere off in the bushes an owl hooted. The girls sat listless, leaning against each other.The long fingers of the sun touched their foreheads. † (Page 159) My Antonia is one of my favorite books because of how it is so descriptive. I love the visuals that Cather adds like when she says â€Å"the bark of the oaks turned red as copper,† because you think of that rustic color and how that is what the bark looks likes because of the sunset. Cather uses similes like, â€Å"Out in the stream the sandbars glittered like glass, and the light trembled in the willow thickets as if little flames were leaping among them. You can really imagine glittering glass, mostly from experience, and how the little mirrors cast precious twinkles of light on water, and the little flames jumping around the thickets casting a brilliant light on them and going out as soon as they’ve touched them. Cather also uses a metaphor when describing the curly grass by saying that it was on fire, which is a great description of how the light from the sunset affected the grass, making it look ablaze.She uses another metaphor when describing the light from the sun, and calls it â€Å"fingers† which touched the girls’ foreheads because the rays were long and were as if they were caressing their faces like a hand might do in a loving gesture. You can just see the last bits of light the sun gives off reaching out to grasp and influence the last part of the Earth that it can before it has to disappear into the night sky.

Social Studies Questions and Answers essays

Social Studies Questions and Answers essays 1. What factors led to the emergence of a popular independence movement in India, and why did this movement lead to the establishment of two states, India and Pakistan, After achieving India's independence on August 15, 1946, the country faced many contradictory strains. On the one hand, too many people wanted India to proclaim itself a Republic with no allegiance to the British Crown, which ruled on India for 90 years. These people looked for an intense nationalist desire for an independent political, economic, and foreign policy path. "Long years ago, we made a tryst with destiny, and now the time comes when we shall redeem our pledge, not wholly or in full measure, but very substantially. At the stroke of the midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India will wake to life and freedom." On the other hand, there were a lot of serious problems, since intellectuals, politicians and industrialists shared a broad consensus on the preferred directions of economy policy.The country also faced the challenge of forging a strong unified national identity and an effective state apparatus from the ravages of 1947 partition. The division of the formerly unified British colony into two separate nation states engendered tremendously disruptive population dislocations and unprecedented outbursts of religious hatred between communities that had peacefully coexisted for centuries despite occasional tensions. Perhaps one million people died in the process of splitting British India into two separate states: India and Pakistan. 2. How and why did the political evolution of Mexico, Argentina, and Brazil differ from each other? Until 1910 Mexico, Argentina, and Brazil shared a common history and similar cultures. In the first half of the twentieth century their economies followed parallel trajectories, but their political histories diverged radically. Mexico underwent a traumatic and profound social revolution....

Air pollution Essays

Air pollution Essays Air pollution Paper Air pollution Paper Vicar Guppy, M. D. , and Santos Ass , M. D. Stated in Air Pollution: Indian Scenario, Disease and malformation caused by air pollution is not a natural occurrence to be overlooked because if people themselves try to help reducing the pollutants, then health risk can be controlled. 5. RECOMMENDATION FOR AIR POLLUTION Solution efforts on pollution are always a big problem. Several attempts are being made worldwide on personal, industrial and governmental levels to curb the intensity at which Air Pollution is rising and regain a balance as far as the proportions of the foundation gases are concerned. This is a direct attempt at slacking Global warming. This is why prevention interventions are always a better way of controlling air pollution. We are seeing a series of innovations and experiments aimed at alternate and unconventional options to reduce pollutants. Air Pollution is one of the larger mirrors of mans follies, and a challenge we need to overcome to see a tomorrow. In many big cities, monitoring equipment has been installed at many points in the city. Authorities read them regularly to check the quality of air. The lesson to be taken is from the case study of Mexico City. The government introduced air laity improvement programs ? PICA and PAIRED that include, among other measures, a rotating one-weekday ban on private car use. On days of high pollution, the ban extends to every second day and some manufacturing activities are curtailed. In addition, car owners must have their vehicles certified every six months. The following are some recommendation action to reduce air pollution. . 1 Government (or community) Level prevention 5. 1. 1 Emphasis on clean energy resources Government throughout the world would have already taken action against air pollution by introducing green energy. Some governments are investing n clean energy technologies like wind energy and solar energy, as well as other renewable energy, to minimize burning of fossil fuels, which cause heavy air pollution. Governments are also forcing companies to be more responsible with their manufacturing activities, so that even though they still cause pollution, they are a lot controlled. 5. 1. Use energy efficient devices CFML lights consume less electricity as against their counterparts. They live longer, consume less electricity, lower electricity bills and also help you to reduce pollution by consuming less energy. Companies are also building ore energy efficient cars, which pollute less than before. 5. 2 Individual Level Prevention 5. 2. 1 Use public mode Of transportation Encourage your family to use the bus, train or bike when commuting. Also, try to make use of carpooling. If you and your colleagues come from the same locality and have same timings you can explore this option to save energy and money. If we all do this, there will be fewer cars on road and less fumes. 5. 2. 2 Conserve energy Use energy (light, water, boiler, kettle and fire woods) wisely. This is because lots of fossil fuels are burned to generate electricity, and so if we can cut own the use, we will also cut down the amount of pollution we create. 5. 2. 3 understand the concept of Reduce, Reuse and Recycle Recycle and re-use things. This will minimize the dependence of producing new things. Remember manufacturing industries create a lot of pollution, so if we can re-use things like shopping plastic bags, clothing, paper and bottles, it can help. . BIBLIOGRAPHY REFERENCES or. Amandine Sings, MD, Dry. Vicar Guppy. MD, Dry. Santos ass, MD. (2009). Volume 10. Number 2. November 2009. Air Pollution : Indian Scenario in The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology. Http://www. Sentimentality. S/ PAST. HTML . Accessed 9 October 2013. John Fletcher (201 1). Air Pollution . Geography. Michelle Hobbler, (2003). Health A n Ecosystem Approach. Wham. Dire. Ca/ cheesecloth . Accessed 9 October 2013. Website references: http://en. M. Wisped. Org/WI ski/Kyoto_protocol http://en. M. Wisped. Org/WI ski/Air_poll lotion http://environment. Cinematographic. Com/environment/global-warming/ pollution-overview http://schooldays. Com/pollution/air-pollution/air- pollution-prevention-HTML Mass. Gob/deep/air/aqua/envy_effects. HTML Conserve-energy-future. Com/causes-effects-solutions-of-air- pollution. PH . APPENDICES CASE STUDY : MEXICO CITY Taking Control of Air Pollution in Mexico City A clean air drive targets health improvements and health care savings Located in a pollutant-trapping valley, Mexico City ? one of the worlds largest cities ? has had limited success in battling suffocating air pollution. A new understanding of the health impacts of this pollution ? and of peoples role in both the problem and the solution ? could lead to better targeted, more effective air improvement programs. Famous for its size, its history, and the warmth of its people, Mexico City is also infamous for its air pollution. In 1992, the United Nations described the citys air as the most polluted on the planet. Six years later, that air earned Mexico the reputation of the most dangerous city in the world for children. This is a reputation Mexico has been working hard to improve. But despite more than a decade of stringent pollution-control measures, a dull haze hangs over the city most days, obscuring the stunning snow-capped mountains that frame the city and endangering the health of its inhabitants. Many factors have contributed to this situation: industrial growth, a population boom (from 3 million in 1950 to some 20 million today), and the relaxation of vehicles. More than 3. 5 million vehicles ? 30% of them more than 20 years old ? now ply the city streets. Geography conspires with human activity to produce a poisonous scenario. Located in the crater of an extinct volcano, Mexico City is about 2,240 meters above sea level. The lower atmospheric oxygen levels at this altitude cause incomplete fuel combustion in engines and higher emissions of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and volatile organic compounds. Intense sunlight turns these noxious gases into higher than normal smog levels. In turn, the smog prevents the sun from eating the atmosphere enough to penetrate the inversion layer that blankets the city. Solving this problem has been a priority of the Metropolitan Environmental Commission, which is integrated with local and federal authorities. Recent efforts to curb emissions have been relatively successful. In the 1 9905, for instance, the government introduced air quality improvement programs ? PICA and PAIRED that include, among other measures, a rotating one-weekday ban on private car use. On days of high pollution, the ban extends to every second day and some manufacturing certified every six months. But if lead, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide are now under control, pollution levels of other contaminants are still far above air quality standards. A closer look at pollution When PAIRED concluded in 2000, environmental authorities undertook a longer, ambitious air quality improvement program: PAIRED 2002-2010. TO develop the program, however, accurate measures were needed to determine how improving air quality would improve health and reduce health expenditures. A number of questions also needed to be answered about the relationship between the citys inhabitants and air pollution: How do people perceive pollution? How does it affect them? What are they willing to do or pay for cleaner air? How can they be motivated to help solve it? The Mexico City government set out to answer these questions, with support from Canadas International Development Research Centre (DIRE) and the Netherlands Trust Fund through the World Bank and the Pan American Health Organization. If the first question was fairly simple ? what is the economic value of benefits reaped from reducing air pollution? ? answering it was not. No one really knows, or understands, the relationship between environmental contaminants and the health of inhabitants, says biologist Roberto Murmur Cruz, subdirectory of information and analysis at Mexico Citys atmospheric monitoring system, part of the Secretariat del Media Ambient (department of the environment). The Secretariat coordinated the project in collaboration with the Center National De Salad Ambient (national centre for environmental health), the nongovernmental organization GREECE (a study group on relations between the environment and behavior), and the Institute De Ia Meijer del District Federal (Womens Institute of Mexico City). The researchers focused on health hazards posed by the most serious Laotians in Mexico: ozone, produced when nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds react in sunlight, and PM O ? resalable particulate matter less than 10 microns (0. 01 millimeters) in diameter. IMO comes from various sources, including road construction and dust, smoke-belching diesel trucks and buses, forest fires, and burning refuse in the open air. Both pollutants can irritate eyes, cause or aggravate a range of respiratory and cardiovascular ailments, and lead to premature death. Its not air pollution that kills people, explains Munson, but some people die sooner than they would otherwise. More than 20 researchers from eight academic, governmental, donor, and nongovernmental organizations in Mexico, the Netherlands, and the USA contributed to compiling and analyzing the findings of national and international studies of the health effects of ozone and PM O. Surveys were also carried out to determine peoples perceptions of the pollution problem, says Munson. A population exposure model was then developed, using data from Mexico sophisticated air-monitoring network. The study estimated that pollution levels in 2010 will be much the same as in the late sass when ozone levels exceeded standards on almost 90% of days ND IMO on 30% to 50% of days, explains Dry Victor Boors Abort, former Director of the Center National De Salad Ambient at the Secretariat De Salad and now coordinator of workplace health, who led the projects first module. Tangible benefits Earlier efforts to assess the Costs Of pollution in Mexico City had focused on direct medical costs such as medicines and hospital visits and on productivity losses ? income lost by those who were sick. This study, however, sought to provide a more comprehensive picture. Air quality and exposure meddlers, epidemiologists and public health specialists, economists and statisticians assessed a wide range of health benefits and savings, including peoples willingness to pay for better health and a potentially longer life. Communications and social participation specialists worked to understand peoples perceptions and get at indirect costs because, as Munson explains, not only do people who get sick lose days from work, but also mothers stay home to take care of the children who get sick. It was an important transcriptional experience, says Munson. Bringing together different disciplines to provide a holistic picture ? an approach central to cheesecloth research ? proved very successful. And a strong connection was forged between the institutions and between government and research institutes. The research concluded that reducing PM 0 would yield the greatest health and financial benefits : each micrograms per cubic centimeter reduction would be worth about CSS$1 00 million a year. Reducing both ozone and IMO by just 10% would result in average savings offs$760 million a year. In human terms that would translate into, for example, 33,287 fewer emergency room visits for respiratory distress in 2010 and 88 fewer hospital admissions for the same problem. In addition, says Mums, it would lead to 266 fewer infant deaths a year an important consideration not valuated. Clearly this justifies relatively high expenditures to further reduce polluting emissions, Munson says. Much to the projects credit, this detailed information provided the scientific underpinning of PAIRED 2002-2010, which calls for close to US$15 billion of public and private investments in air quality improvement projects. The information has also been made available to the international community through a number of publications. What do Mexicans think? If people largely cause air pollution, they must also be involved in cleaning it up. Certainly the original PAIRED program recognized this and included various formal and informal programs to inform people about the problem and invite them to action. It recognized that a cultural change was needed to modify the society-city-environment relation, says Munson. But in a city as large and as socially and culturally diverse as Mexico, that proved no easy task. The research team surveyed close to 4,000 residents in all sectors or delegations of the city. Completed questionnaires showed that close to 30% believe the governments motives in seeking to reduce air pollution are silvering. More than 30% also think that the governments online air quality reports are false. (http://148. 243. 232. 103/amicable/) In fact, says Munson, We found that most people dont even consult the official information.

Benefits of Activity Based Costing Essay Example for Free

Benefits of Activity Based Costing Essay In order to make a profit on production, the firm would have to charge a price that is greater than the cost of production. Generally, the cost of production is understood to be the cost of producing a good plus the cost of transportation to the consumer. In order to stay in business, and therefore, to avoid losses at all possible costs – the firm must cover all costs related to the production of the good and include all costs to deliver the same to the consumer at a price that is higher than the cost of production. The operating or overheard expenses of an enterprise are generated by its activities to perform its business and/or manufacturing processes successfully. As its name implies, activity based costing relates the costs facing the enterprise to its various activities. By so doing, this system of costing provides pretty accurate information about costs, allowing businesses to effectively manage their overhead expenses in order to increase their revenues (Cooper, 1988). It is but commonsensical that companies may work on cutting their costs once they know what is driving these costs. By improving their processes in order to cut costs, businesses may realize greater profits than before. What is more, by identifying high costing activities needed to produce certain goods or serve certain customers, companies may decide to focus instead on low costing products or customers by reducing their production of or service to high costing products or customers. In this way, they may shift their focus to products or customers that are more profitable to produce or to serve. Thus, management experts cite the following benefits of activity based costing as opposed to traditional methods of costing: Identifying the most and least profitable customers, products and channels. Determine the true contributors to— and detractors from—financial performance. Accurately predict costs, profits and resource requirements associated with changes in production volumes, organizational structure and resource costs. Easily identify the root causes of poor financial performance. Track costs of activities and work processes. Equip managers with cost intelligence to drive improvements. Facilitate better Marketing Mix. Enhance the bargaining power with the customer. Achieve better Positioning of products. (â€Å"Activity Based Costing,† 2008). Businesses that benefit the most from activity based costing are those with high manufacturing operating expenses or overhead costs. These costs may result from a diverse range or products, intensity of capital, or vertically integrated system of manufacturing. Activity based costing may help such businesses not only to understand but also to control their operating expenses so as to increase their revenues (O’Guin, 1991, p. 76). Organizations with large marketing, sales or distribution costs may also reap great benefits from activity based costing. As mentioned previously, this method of costing identifies those customers that are most profitable from those that are least profitable. This provides insight to management on how to improve operations. With activity based costing, such businesses may be able to answer questions such as: â€Å"What discounts are appropriate for large orders? What size accounts should salespersons no longer call on? How effective is advertising to different markets? † (O’Guin, p. 76). Firms that are experiencing sluggish or low profitability on increasing sales may be suffering from growth that is unmanaged. It may very well be that these businesses are selling products at losses to a number of customers. The accounting system of accurately measuring costs, that is, activity based costing, would allow these firms to determine which of their customers and products are generating revenues and which are not (O’Guin, p. 76). O’Guin describes another benefit of the activity based costing system thus: Even with a diverse product line or customer base and very high profitability, a company lacking an ABC system is surprisingly vulnerable. Product profitability probably varies widely across the company. Highly profitable products present an irresistible target to new market entrants. Management should know which products are reaping enormous margins, so they can erect barriers to entry. (p. 76). Also according to O’Guin, the activity based costing system provides not only strategic but also tactical benefits to businesses that implement it. Whereas benefits that are strategic in nature may be realized only once in a blue moon, for the simple reason that organizations cannot be expected to change their pricing, business operations, distribution or manufacturing processes each year – tactical benefits may be realized constantly. Indeed, activity based costing could help businesses not only with reduction of overhead costs, but also just-in-time support, improvement of quality, decisions about design, and investment in capital. Thus, businesses that implement the activity based costing system may improve their profitability on an ongoing basis (O’Guin, p. 76). In the twenty first century, companies that have a competitive edge are those that maintain flexibility, a trend that has been recognized as a critical factor for success since the 1990s. Life cycles of products have been shortened and focus on the customer has become increasingly important. As economies of scale virtually disappear, manufacturing plants that are successful are those that are able to quickly introduce innovative products and economically produce small quantities. Activity based costing system can help businesses tremendously to achieve these goals. What is more, this system of costing could assist businesses of the twenty first century to achieve their goal to increase employee motivation. With the activity based costing system in place, employees increase their understanding of business activities and therefore their involvement in business operations. So, for example, whenever they see a mound of papers they would see overhead costs, leading them to the following questions: Why do we have so many bills? Why are there so many process involved in our purchase orders (O’Guin, p. 76)? Thus, the activity based costing system encourages businesses to push their rates of cost drivers down. This helps in the reduction of time to setup, streamlines buying, in addition to time taken to development a product. When costs are attached to each of these processes or activities, management may not only measure but also plan improvement (O’Guin, p. 76). As mentioned before, some of these improvements may entail reducing production of goods or service to customers that cost more to produce or service than the others. Hence, the activity based costing system may also lead the business that implements it to improve upon its marketing mix or positioning of its products. If products and customers that cost more than the others are required by the company to produce or serve in the same quantity as before, however, activity based costing system helps the organization to improve its processes in order to decrease its costs without reducing the quantity to produce or serve. After all, it is only possible to improve inefficient processes. Because activity based costing allows the company to weigh the costs of activities against their benefits, firms that use it are in a great position to increase the efficiency of all of their processes so as to gain competitive advantages. References Activity Based Costing. (2008). Value Based Management. Retrieved Jan 27, 2009, from http://www. valuebasedmanagement. net/methods_abc. html. Cooper, R. (1988, Summer). The Rise of Activity-Based Costing – Part One: What is an Activity-Based Cost System? Journal of Cost Management, pp. 45-54. O’Guin, M. C. (1991). The Complete Guide to Activity-based Costing. Chicago, IL: CCH Tax and Accounting. Benefits of Activity Based Costing. (2016, Jul 29).

Metro Recreation History Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Metro Recreation History Assignment - Essay Example Abraham Lincoln is remembered in the U.S. history for the role he played in bringing to an end the institution of slavery. Lincoln was very vocal against slavery. His ascension to power prompted seven southern states to secede from the Union as a protest to presidents antislavery sentiments. Other four states followed suit later on prompting the start of the Civil War in 1861. In the course of the war, Abraham Lincoln delivered one of the most signification speeches against slavery that is popularly referred to as the Emancipation Proclamation. The Congress approved an amendment abolishing slavery in the United States. Unfortunately, Lincoln was assassinated in 1865 soon after the war came to the end. However, his message against slavery was deeply entrenched in the American constitution and nobody could reverse that. The congress reached a unanimous decision two years later to build Lincoln’s memorial. Lincoln Monument Association was charged with this responsibility. The sit e of the memorial was decided in 1901 and approval of the $2 million Lincoln Memorial Bill was reached in 1911 under President Taft. The memorial was officially dedicated to Lincoln’s memorial in 1922 by retired President Taft. In 1963, during the civil rights movements led by Martin Luther King, Jr., the essence of this memorial was once again brought to light. Dr. King delivered the famous â€Å"I have a dream† speech which reminded American of the Emancipation Proclamation which was signed by Lincoln. King called on America to rise up and grant blacks their full freedom as envisioned by the degree. Since then, the memorial has become synonymous with freedom and equality for every person living in the United States of America. Recreation is described as an activity someone engages in during their leisure or free time. This time is always acknowledged for its ability to instil or redeem so social

How the media affects perception Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How the media affects perception - Essay Example Television is one of the strongest media that has impacted our lives and the way we think. We cannot get away from the fact that most of our tastes, dressing and most importantly our lifestyle have been deeply influenced by the television through their commercials, soaps, dramas, music, dance and cultural programs. On the flip side, television helps to educate and keep us informed and abreast with all that is taking place in the world through its news channels and its many other educative channels. But yet, besides all its good facets, it has been able to influence our lives in such a way that is difficult to even fathom. One ironic notion is how T.V commercials portray the majority of women as housewives when actually more that 35 to 55 percent of women make up the regular workforce. (Journal of the University Film Association, 1981, pg. 6) Violence portrayed on T.V has had an exceptionally great influence especially on the youth of today who consider it to be the most natural thing. Good examples of this are the Hungerford massacre and the Columbine Killings. Another major factor that has taken its toll on the women of today is dieting. Through their flashy commercials depicting pencil thin figures of women has had a bad influence over the normal woman who thinks she has to become like the models in the commercial and hence goes through a lot of stress and trauma in doing so. As a result she becomes anorexic or bulimic and undergoes a lot of psychological problems. The radio may be a much cheaper way of advertising or getting various ideas or information across but it is rather an effective way to reach a target audience. The radio influences us in many different ways, in that it helps to change our opinion or tastes on things such as music, the buying and using of different products, gauging or forming opinions of different politicians, celebrities etc. This change is brought

Analysis of Hayek's The Road to Serfdom Term Paper

Analysis of Hayek's The Road to Serfdom - Term Paper Example Ultimately, Hayek believes that these two states and others did not intend to go down this road to serfdom; however, he thinks, it is the natural result of a certain philosophy and a particular concept of freedom. These inconsistent ideas make possible the kind of unjust distribution and allocation of resources resulting in the tyrannical socialist state: where conflict is unstopping, economic principles are ignored, and suffering is taken to be the norm. Hayek intended the content and theories in this work not only to apply to the climate in which he wrote it but to the condition of societies as they exist decades and even centuries into the future. Hayek begins his work with a worry: that socialism and central planning is essentially a â€Å"road to serfdom† and that if one goes along this road, one will be traveling down the same road as the most brutal totalitarian states of the 20th century. Citing Hitler’s 1941 proclamation that â€Å"basically National Socialism and Marxism are the same†, Hayek begins his work with that basic theme. ... Using this thrust of the argument, Hayek analyzes the central planning aspect of many economies in the world. If societies might be better off using a spontaneous order, then what is the purpose of a central plan, Austrian economists might argue. The idea of spontaneous order is inherent in the â€Å"invisible hand† economic proposal in Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nation; however, Hayek elaborates on the likelihood of acting on more complete information in the case of spontaneous order, whereas the centralized authority operates on a limited set of information, attempting to make decisions affecting the economy. Hayek’s second chapter deals with something he calls â€Å"The Great Utopia†, which is a reference to the socialist state that utilizes central planning. The most important part of this section is the argument that socialism and communism together are â€Å"an illusion† (Hayek 165). That is, they are merely the first step in a process that ul timately ends in fascism and tyranny. This is the lack of agreement on the ends but an agreement on the means.  Ã‚  

Privacy protection policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Privacy protection policies - Essay Example Truthfulness. Journalists need to demonstrate truthful, reliable information. This means refusing from false or made-up reports. This may oblige news journalists by representing the facts as well as the setting encompassing them. Truthfulness presupposes cooperation between a reporter and an organization for which he works (Media ethics).Clashes of interests.   Sometimes the interests of corporation that owns media may contradict with the information reported. It requires from journalists to be cautious and objective with information. Sometimes it is rather difficult not to give favors to the employer company, however, journalists have to mind objectivity before personal interests.Sensationalism. Media in some cases underline the news that is capturing yet insignificant. This happens when news organizations strive to attract new audience and satisfy crowds more than investigate the urgent issues of the day. This can happen in light of the expanded pace of the news business achieved by high quality TV, the Internet concentrating on benefits. Photographs. Photographs could be among the most disputable media materials, both due to their content and in light of the fact that they might be adjusted with the help of software (Media ethics).The issue of private information is also very sensitive I media. Private information is the information which is not known to anyone except its owner. The person can expect the facts will not become publicly accessible since they are normally delicate somehow.

Distance Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Distance Learning - Essay Example This is considered a significant problem to the people who have chosen to use this mode of studying, so as to meet the requirements of their courses and the relevant units in their field of study. In addition to this, the students may lack proper guidance because they are not near the learning institutions. Although there are some cases where the issue of implementing distance learning can affect the individuals’ concentration, the use of distance learning with a combination of technology has been effective and should be considered for use so that people can be able to study and do other types of tasks at the same time developing the nation. Relative to many studies that have been carried out, the traditional way of studying was done by ensuring all students were in the institution, and all the activities were carried out in an environment where there was a protocol to be followed. This meant that all the lessons were to be attended, and all the concentration was to be in the classroom environment (Chickering and Gamson 5). The implementation of the traditional way of learning, however, affected the way of operation of other students as they felt uncomfortable working under strict rules and regulations in their studies. This meant that they had to look for other ways, which could enable them to operate under some free environment, and this affected their relationship with the instructors. The issue of having to implement the distance learning to students have also been analysed from those who have been using the method before and different individuals had different reasons as to why the idea was either effective or not, to their studies. Relative to those who had experienced working with distance learning, they had to complain about the congestion that was being experienced in rooms, that were used for chatting as they studied. This meant that, the work they were being given had to delivered to them after the time required and students also had to give i n the work after the time that they were expected to submit. This influenced the way that the students and the instructors operated (Mantyla and Richard 12). The traditional way of studying, however, is being replaced with the introduction of technology in the world today. This has led to people having to learn from their own comforts, and finally being awarded a certificate in the long run after they are through with their course work and examinations. Benefits of Distance Learning Distance learning has been immensely beneficial to the environment as it influences the operations being carried out by the people, as well as the organizational aim to improve the economy of the nation. This is mainly because, individuals can be able to work as they study and finally have all the requirements of the society met within a specified range of time (Chickering and Ehrmann 7). The time that is needed for several years of study can be reduced by ensuring that an individual embraces the use of distance learning. This is mainly because, the individual will have time to work as they study at the same time. This ensures that as the individual works they also get some income to help them improve their living standards and work according to the requirements of their families and society. Distance learning helps those individuals who are not able to be found at the place of study because of various reasons that they can hardly avoid.

The War Against Boys Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The War Against Boys - Assignment Example The ideologies behind these types of feminism were first coined by Hoff Sommers in her famous writings. According to Sommers, gender feminism focuses on the interaction between the society and the cultural gender roles performed by women within the same social setting. On the other hand, equity feminism is associated with equal rights and equal treatment of women in the society. In its practical application, gender feminism has been labeled as bad feminism because it deals with the questioning of the fundamental rules of the society. On the opposite side, equity feminism is credited because it is occupied with the purpose of advocating and supporting the aspect of equal rights to every member of a society. The principles of gender feminism do not question the idea that women should stay at home and play their cultural roles. This type of feminism is only occupied with the aspects of equity and other legal issues. Contrary, gender feminism questions the ideas of cultural roles played by women within a social environment. It seeks to achieve cultural equity among women and men. At this juncture, we will focus at the equity feminism, which is the most dominant contemporary feminism at modern times (Rauchut 349).In every society, those individuals and groups fighting for gender equality con be heard complaining of numerous issues which they are not satisfied with. Therefore, equity feminists are constantly pushing forward their grievances to the relevant authorities for recognition.

Distance Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Distance Learning - Essay Example This is considered a significant problem to the people who have chosen to use this mode of studying, so as to meet the requirements of their courses and the relevant units in their field of study. In addition to this, the students may lack proper guidance because they are not near the learning institutions. Although there are some cases where the issue of implementing distance learning can affect the individuals’ concentration, the use of distance learning with a combination of technology has been effective and should be considered for use so that people can be able to study and do other types of tasks at the same time developing the nation. Relative to many studies that have been carried out, the traditional way of studying was done by ensuring all students were in the institution, and all the activities were carried out in an environment where there was a protocol to be followed. This meant that all the lessons were to be attended, and all the concentration was to be in the classroom environment (Chickering and Gamson 5). The implementation of the traditional way of learning, however, affected the way of operation of other students as they felt uncomfortable working under strict rules and regulations in their studies. This meant that they had to look for other ways, which could enable them to operate under some free environment, and this affected their relationship with the instructors. The issue of having to implement the distance learning to students have also been analysed from those who have been using the method before and different individuals had different reasons as to why the idea was either effective or not, to their studies. Relative to those who had experienced working with distance learning, they had to complain about the congestion that was being experienced in rooms, that were used for chatting as they studied. This meant that, the work they were being given had to delivered to them after the time required and students also had to give i n the work after the time that they were expected to submit. This influenced the way that the students and the instructors operated (Mantyla and Richard 12). The traditional way of studying, however, is being replaced with the introduction of technology in the world today. This has led to people having to learn from their own comforts, and finally being awarded a certificate in the long run after they are through with their course work and examinations. Benefits of Distance Learning Distance learning has been immensely beneficial to the environment as it influences the operations being carried out by the people, as well as the organizational aim to improve the economy of the nation. This is mainly because, individuals can be able to work as they study and finally have all the requirements of the society met within a specified range of time (Chickering and Ehrmann 7). The time that is needed for several years of study can be reduced by ensuring that an individual embraces the use of distance learning. This is mainly because, the individual will have time to work as they study at the same time. This ensures that as the individual works they also get some income to help them improve their living standards and work according to the requirements of their families and society. Distance learning helps those individuals who are not able to be found at the place of study because of various reasons that they can hardly avoid.

Additional Retained Firefighters Essay Example for Free

Additional Retained Firefighters Essay Firefighters are rescuers extensively trained in firefighting, primarily to extinguish hazardous fires that threaten property and civilian or natural populations and to rescue people from dangerous situations, like as collapsed or burning buildings The complexity of modern industrialized life with a greater prominence of hazards has created an increase in the skills needed in firefighting technology and a broadening of the firefighter-rescuers remit. They sometimes provide emergency medical services, for example. The fire service, or fire and rescue service, also known in some countries as the fire brigade or fire department, is one of the main emergency services. Firefighting and firefighters have become ubiquitous around the world, from wildland areas to urban areas, and aboard ships. According to Merriam-Websters Dictionary, the English word firefighter has been used since 1903. 1] In recent decades it has become the preferred term, replacing the older fireman, since many women serve as firefighters, and also because the term fireman can have other meanings, including someone who sets or stokes fires – the opposite of the firefighting role. [2] In many countries, firefighters may be employed as full-time workers and paid a salary. See more:Â  The 3 Types of Satire Essay Additionally, there are volunteer firefighters (who are theoretically unpaid) and retained firefighters (or auxiliary firefighters, who are paid for the specific time they are on duty, i. . permanent part-time career firefighters) on call as required. [3] In such countries as the United Kingdom, the use of additional retained firefighters is standard. In Portugal, for example, the use of volunteer firefighters is standard, along with career firefighters. In Australia there are volunteer brigades which are mostly unpaid rural services, although traditionally they are paid by their employers if called out during usual working hours.

Water And The Effects On The Human Body

Water And The Effects On The Human Body Water covered 70% of the earth surface and it is colorless, tasteless and odorless liquid. Water consists of physical and chemical properties. H2O is the chemical formula for water and its formula are one oxygen and two hydrogen. Water is the only natural substance that found in liquid, solid and gas. The boiling point for water is 100Â °C, however the freezing point is 0Â °C. H2O is a necessity for all living things, every living thing on earth need water to survive and it helps human in certain ways. Example like digestion, respiration and etc. Human bodies are made up of 60-65% of water and so water plays an important role to us in our life. The aim of this report is investigate will 8 glasses of water a day gave a better life to people? This study draws on information gathered from various Malaysian and international articles, journals, and World Wide Web sites. Figure 1: Drinking water 2.0 Advantages of drinking water Water is a necessity for all living things in this world and human could only survive in three days without drinking water so it plays an important role throughout our life. Drinking more water not just makes us healthier but to make sure all our organs in our body work smoothly. 2.1 Excretion Water is the solution for maintaining a healthy lifestyle by drinking generous amounts of water every day is essential for good health because it helps our body to cleanse our body toxins out through kidney (Batmanghelidj, n.d). Kidney and livers play an important role in excretion and water helps kidney and livers to function properly by carry away toxins from the human body. 2.2 Perspiration When we having a cold or fever we need more water to standardize our body temperature and water help us to maintain our body temperature (Dawkins Gibson, 2007). When our surrounding temperature is hot, our body will starting to sweat and by sweating we are actually getting rid of unhealthy toxic and waste materials in our body. Sweat itself contains of 99% water, so whenever we starting to sweat a lot we should start rehydrate too as it will lead to hydration if we didnt drink enough water. 2.3 Other bodily functions Water carries away waste, and helps to carry medicines to the proper places in the body. Water helps to cushion your babys ride when you are pregnant and also helps to prevent cramping fatigue during exercise (Dawkins Gibson, 2007). Water keep us away from dry skin and prevent headache (M. Woods, n.d). Water helps to improve physical performance (muscles are 73% water), improve the circulation (blood is 82% water), improve mental function (the brain is 72% water) (Hall, 2004). 2.4 Flushes toxins out of vital organs Water absorbs our bodys waste products and other toxic compounds which then leave the body through the urinary tract (Dr Moonlenburgh 2009). Metabolic wastes are also carried and excreted in a water medium. Drinking plenty of water is one good way to keep the kidneys and bladder in good health (Hall, 2004). Our body needs water to remove toxins and waste, so our body will be healthier. 3.0 Disadvantage of not drinking water Nowadays, people are drinking lesser and lesser water as they claimed they have NO TIME TO DRINK WATER this is because their stressful work in office or homework in school. If a person doesnt drink enough of water, it will effect the humans mental and emotional and then you will have less energy and hard to concentrate compare to your normally do and this symptom is called mild dehydration. 3.1 Constipation Studies shown that low level of chronic dehydration have increased the risk of constipation (and its potential effects, including hemorrhoids and diverticulosis) (Woods, n.d). Lack of water in our diet will cause constipation and stomach acid problems by drinking good amount of water will cure it. Experts said that if a person consume not enough amount of water it will cause indurate to the fasces and constipation problem occur. By drinking enough amount of water will solve the problem of constipation by let the fasces went through smoothly from the intestine. 3.2 Dehydration Dehydration occurs when our body is losing water thorough breathing, sweat and urinates. Furthermore, dehydration can cause body temperature increase and so does increase dizziness (M. Dawkins, J. Gibson, 2007). When we sweat extremely or diarrhea it will lead to dehydration and so by taking enough of fluids can prevent dehydration from happening. 3.3 Dried skin Without adequate water in the body, tissue can not be formed or repaired and so dried skin is formed. Dried skin occurs when our skin is lack of water and not oil, water hydrates our skin and helping the skin to stay young and healthy. Experts claims that human loses one to three quarts of water per day so we need to keep ourselves on track by drinking enough of water to prevent our skin suffer. 3.4 Reduce the risk of bladder cancer Insufficient of fluid intake would increase the risk of bladder, breast and colon cancer (Woods, n.d). When a person dehydrated , the person will have poor blood circulation and failing kidney function soon, as the longer the person dehydrated the risk of having this symptom will happened faster (Dawkins Gibson 2007). A group of doctors claimed that the risk of having a bladder cancer is increasing over the ten years and those men who drank a lot had lower risk of having the bladder cancer (Dr Whitaker, 2000). 4.0 Water habit Water is beneficial for us everyday but due to the polluted environment nowadays even the price of beer are cheaper than a plain water and this causes people around the world would rather drink beer than a plain and tasteless water. The recommended glass of water is eight glasses as our human body consists of 75% water and we need to rehydrate everyday. In fact, we can only survive for three days without drinking water. Water is not only important but it is the way to live a longer and better life. 4.1 Carry a bottle Habit of carry a bottle is not train by one day, it need a long period for a person to carry a bottle whenever the person go out, whether shop, walk or to an activity as Rome was not build in one day also. So those who want a good healthy lifestyle and prevent constipation and other cancer causes start carrying a bottle around with them all day. If you are a workaholic, u should keep a glass of water at your desk and when it is empty fill them up again and keep drinking more. 4.2 Set a reminder The first glass of water everyday morning plays an important role because it will energize our metabolism and rid toxins from our body. If you are a forgetful person use your hand phone alarm or the reminder system to help u out by every thirty minutes drink a glass of water. Setting a reminder the first weeks will not be as easy as Practice makes prefect so we have to remind our self to drink more water for a better life in future. 4.3 Exercise By the word exercise we will know that we will sweat a lot and that means we will lose a lot of water from our body and by exercising it can make us want to drink more water. Experts said that if we are going to exercise, drink the suitable amount of water first so our body wont be affected by having dehydration during our exercise period. 5.0 Types of water Water is perhaps the products that every consumer are using and consumer taking every types of water in a serious matter as we all want to use water that are free from bacteria and harm. Nowadays, nobody drinks from the home tap anymore, and for the good reasons. The quality of the domestic water supply is suspected, and often deficient and dirty. For those looking to enjoy a variety of waters, here is just a sampling of the many different types available (J. Rose, 2007). 5.1 Distilled water Distilled water is a type of water that has been purified. It is often used to clean fragile items, as it has no mineral deposits that could damage the delicate fibers. Distilled water should ideally be nothing but hydrogen and oxygen molecules, with a PH level of 7 and no additional gases, minerals or contaminants. (What is Distilled Water?, n.d). Distilled water helps flushes toxic substances out from our body and by drinking it our body will be healthier and better. The process of distillation is first boil the water to its boiling point and by condensing the steam into another container and there is where we found the pure water. But one of the disadvantage of distilled water is it doesnt consist any minerals in it this is because due to the process of distillation so it would just be a pure water. 5.2 Mineral water Mineral water is said that it consist the most mineral in its water and this type of water is the healthiest among all those water. But those minerals could be naturally or man made. Minerals help us throughout our life by maintaining a better life. Lack of mineral could fall sick or worse. In the 21st century everyone in earth are worried about their own health due to the environment pollution and mineral water nowadays make an important role. Due to the demand of mineral water increase it also increase the numbers of mineral water company too and there is where bottled water came up. Some said mineral water can prevent us from having cramp or joints pain. 5.3 Well water Spring water has many names but is more commonly know as well water. Natural spring water contains of some beneficial minerals that normal filtered water that doesnt have. But well water also can be contaminate and consist of microorganisms that we cant see using our naked eye, chemicals and so do the environment problem that happening nowadays so spring water consist of cons too. Some said that well water tastes much better and is more convenient than bottled water but some said well water are contaminated and its bad health due to the environment problem. 6.0 Conclusion In conclusion, 8 glasses of water a day will bring better life and a healthier lifestyle to a person. Consume more than 8 glasses of water a day will help our human body to flush toxins from the lymph system to body and avoid constipation. Furthermore, experts had said intake of more fluids will reduce the risk of having cancer and sickness. Lastly, water is the most important nutrient in our lives and it will lead us to a longer and better quality life. Based on the reasons above, 8 glasses of water a day will bring a better life to us.

Biblical Allusions in Lord of the Flies Essay example -- Lord of the F

Biblical Allusions in Lord of the Flies In the story, Lord of the Flies, there are many biblical allusions; Simon represents Jesus, the pig’s head represents Satan or rather their satanic sides, Jack represents Judas, and the island represents the Garden of Eden. Through out this novel these allusions play large parts in the story and ideals place in the story. Simon, one of the major characters in the story, is set as the allusion of Jesus. Christ always had an affinity with children; in Ch. 4, he shows his way with the ‘littluns’ by picking fruit for them. This shows his goodness by nature. Also, like Christ, he saw the atavistic problem of the hunters and tried to bring them back to good. As in the bible, Simon, like Christ, dies as a martyr for his cause; coming back with the news that the beast is a corpse, he is slain by the savage hunters. â€Å"Simon, sitting between the twins and Piggy, wiped his mouth and shoved his piece of meat over the rocks to Piggy, who grabbed it. The twins giggled and Simon lowered his face in shame.† This quote shows that Simon is kind and sincere as is Christ through out his lifetimes. Simon goes often to the forest to meditate, just as Christ went for 40 days and nights to meditate in the desert. At the end of his meditation, Christ meets up with Satan, just as the boar skull is plant ed in Simon's sacred area. Finally, if you observe Simon's death, you see that as he drifts off to see glowing unicellular organisms engulf his body and cre...

Indigenous People of the Congo Essay -- Anthropology, Mbuti, Culture

The Congo is the home to a nomadic group of hunters-gatherers known as the Mbuti. The Mbuti are one of the oldest indigenous people of the Congo region of Africa. The Mbuti is an egalitarian society, and the band is their highest form of socialization. Bands are based on principles of teamwork and sharing. The bands are composed of about fifteen to sixty families. The Mbuti reside in the Ituri forest, a tropical rainforest in the northern part of the Congo River Basin. The forest is named after the Ituri River. The Mbuti have lived in the rainforest for more than six thousand years. According to Turnbull (1968), â€Å"The first recorded reference to the Mbuti dates back to a story of an expedition to the area by Egyptians around 2250 B.C. where the Mbuti were referred to as people of the trees.† The Mbuti see the forest as mother and father and themselves as its children. The Mbuti life cycle consists of birth, puberty, marriage, and death. Each transition corresponds with the defining child, youth, adult, and elderly age groups. Mbuti make three very significant transitions in life from childhood which includes birth, to youth including puberty, to adulthood containing marriage, and finally old age which eventually leads to death. The roles and duties found within each age group are important because personal identity is defined by Mbuti’s role in society. The term BaMbuti refers to all the different cultures within the Ituri forest. The forest region has rivers and lakes, and also has a high amount of rain. The dry season is short, and lasts one to two months. The country’s capital and larges... ...d propagating the Catholic faith and took Congolese to Portugal for study. The first missionary group arrived in 1491 and consisted of Franciscan and Dominican priests (Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2007) The Congo king was baptized and a large church was built at the royal capital, which was renamed San Salvador. The King’s son was concerted and sent away for training to eventually put the Catholic Church in power for many years. However, the Yaka invasion of the 16th century shook the kingdom. Toward the end of the century, traders who began buying and selling slaves drove missionaries out of the country. In the 19th century when the Belgians arrived there was not a trace left of this once influential kingdom or the two and one-half centuries of Catholic evangelism and church planting (Riddle, & McGavran, 1979).

A look into Brave New World Essay

Many times there is an underlying topic to a novel and what it truly means. For Brave New World, there are many underlying ideas as to the makeup of Aldous Huxley’s novel. For example, themes like science, sex, power, freedom and confinement, drugs and alcohol, society and class, and dissatisfaction as different themes that Huxley produces in the novel. Also there could be many symbols in the novel including, bottles and Ford. Not only are these themes and symbols throughout the novel, but there also could be a direct tie to Brave New World with Freud. Aldous Huxley’s novel, Brave New World is about a futuristic society where humans are made from bottles that go through a brainwashing after their growth in a bottle. Each citizen is instructed to serve the community, they are there to be consumers and workers and to do their job. The bottles are placed in a caste, and according to each caste is how they are to grow up and become a part of society. For example, the Alphas are one of a kind; they are smart, tall and muscular. Contrasting, the Epsilons are grown in batches of 100 identical dumb, ugly and short humans. In order to keep the five castes separate, all but the Alphas are given harmful substances to keep them â€Å"stupid.† In the novel, Mustapha Mond states â€Å"The optimum population†¦ Is modeled on the iceberg- eight-ninths below the water line, one-ninth above (Huxley, 223)† Mond claims that those under the water line are actually happier than those above it, another reason being that those in the upper castes are more seen and are the face of the society whereas those in the lower casts are of non-importance. In both Brave New World and in Freud’s studies, there is a lot of focus on the sexual aspect of human life. In Brad Buchanan’s article â€Å"Oedipus in Dystopia: Freud and Lawrence in Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World† Buchanan claims that throughout Huxley’s life, he often rejected Freud and his ideas, however, the tone of Brave New World speaks otherwise (Buchanan, 75). Freud studies the psychosexual stages throughout a child’s life; this idea relates to the life that Huxley portrays in his novel. In Brave New World, sex is a major focus in the community’s day-to-day activities, no one gets married, and everyone can â€Å"have† everyone. There are no direct ties to each other, and there is no problem of over population because of all the babies being made in bottles on the assembly line. This creates a power in the makers’ ability, because the babies are made to their specification. Power is another theme in Brave New World. In the novel, the citizens are brainwashed to be happy with the laws and not to â€Å"fight the man† when it comes to changing the laws because they have been programmed to love the laws and their entirety. This power is bolstered by the endless supply of drugs, the ability to be promiscus, the denial of history or future as any alternative to the present, and with the brainwashing at a young age. This is directly influenced by the freedom and confinement theme within the novel. Citizens are always in a state of imprisonment, but because they have been conditioned to love their servitude, no one seems to have any problems with it. This also creates the theme of dissatisfaction. This society leaves something to be wanted, mostly individuality, passion and love because individuals have been programed to be happy, those who do feel this dissatisfaction are confused by it and completely unsure of how to act. Most of the individuals that are experiencing dissatisfaction are often turned to drugs. In Brave New World, soma is used quite frequently throughout the novel. Soma is described as the perfect drug; for example, it has all of the benefits (calming, surrealistic and 10-hour long highs) without all of the negatives (no guilt or hangovers). Like the early brainwashing, the citizens are also conditioned to love this drug, and they use it to escape any momentary bouts of dissastification. Along with the many themes throughout the novel, there are also many symbols that correlate with them. One symbol is the bottle, if taken in a way that we see these bottles today, this could be an extreme designer baby technique. This symbol of the bottle could be that if designer babies become even larger than they already are, that an entire society will be completely made up of these â€Å"designer babies†. Ford as a symbol in the novel reveals the new world’s value system. Henry Ford is famous for the perfection of mass production and the assembly line. In the new world, humans are mass-produced and grown with the help of the assembly line. With Ford as the new world’s deity, efficiency, production, and consumerism are the most important values whereas with a more traditional deity, morality, compassion and piety are the most important values. Even though, the new world may seem like a place of happiness and carefree living, it is warped beyond all being. There are many themes in the novel with a symbol that could correlate to the true meaning of what the novel means. Works Cited Buchanan, Brad â€Å"Oedipus in Dystopia: Freud and Lawrence in Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World† Journal of Modern Literature. 25.3/4. (2002) 75-89. Print Huxley, Aldous Brave New World. New York: 1946. Print.

In what ways are Gatsby and George Wilson similar or dissimilar, to whom is Nick more sympathetic towards? Essay

In what ways are Gatsby and George Wilson similar or dissimilar, to whom is Nick more sympathetic towards? Fitzgerald purposefully contrasts his characters throughout the novel, in order to compare contrasting worlds that were present in American society. Although there are some clear differences between Gatsby and George, there are also superficial similarities between them that each man has to experience and put up with. Drawing upon the more apparent differences between these two characters, it is evident that they have differing wealth. Gatsby is depicted as being rich through the means of the ‘Hotel de Ville’ or ‘mansion'(11) that he owns, and also by the way he holds lavish parties where ‘champagne was served in glasses bigger than finger-bowls'(48). Considering that Gatsby lives in West Egg not only reveals the true extent of his wealth, but additionally it shows that he is ‘noveau riche’ rather than ‘old’ rich like those who inhabit East Egg. Gatsby has only recently acquired his wealth after migrating from the Midwest whilst following the ‘New’ American Dream. The original dream consisted of any American citizen having the right to pursue their goals and dreams through hard work and free choice. It was the opportunity to make individual choices without the underlying restrictions of class, caste, religion, race, or ethnic group, that once overshadowed people. Often, people followed the common saying, ‘Go West young man!’ where the land was uninhabited and extremely fertile. In the case of the ‘New’ dream, it was simply how the dream had become interpreted by the 1920s. It was a distortion from the original dream to the idea of ‘Get rich quick’. Being of ‘New’ wealth, Gatsby tries to flaunt his wealth about. When Nick asks Gatsby whether he is going to go home that night following the vehicular manslaughter of Myrtle by Daisy, Nick describes Gatsby in chapter eight, as wearing a ‘pink rag of a suit'(147).This description suggests how Gatsby wears these expensive, gaudy and colourful items of clothing in order to display his wealth ostentatiously. The idea behind this pretentious displayal of the opulence that he has acquired, may be a method used by Gatsby in order to stand out from the crowd and to break away from periphery and into East Egg high society. This is a means to an end that he requires so that he can get even closer to retrieving Daisy and thus accomplishing his distorted version of the American Dream. In comparison, George lives in the rubbish tip that is the ‘Valley of the Ashes’. All that ‘grows’ on it is dead and the words ‘Ash’ and ‘grey’ that Fitzgerald uses to describe it with in chapter two, not only emphasise the literally dull and unfulfilling nature of the landscape here, but also the dull and unfulfilling lives of those like George Wilson who inhabit this valley. In chapter two it becomes apparent how little respect George’s wife has for her husband, when she says ‘He burrowed somebody’s best suit to get married in.’ This shows how poor he is because he cannot even afford a wedding suit of his own to get married in. In comparison to Gatsby, he has little material wealth. Gatsby appears to have originated from a poor background in the West which is similar to George’s background. However, the effects of this poor background influence both men differently. Originating in the West, rural North Dakota, he followed the ‘New’ American Dream in order to ‘Get rich quick’ and this pushed him towards organized crime, such as bootlegging. During the 1920s, there was a prohibition which imposed the law that alcohol was to be banned. Gangsters like Gatsby, were able to make a fortune out of this time through the illegal distribution of alcohol and trading in stolen securities. This was all a means though of achieving his distorted version of the American Dream, which was to retrieve Daisy. Importantly, he does not abide by the ‘protestant work ethic’ which states that a man should work hard and earn a comfortable living by which he and his family can live a peaceful, enjoyable life off. He also participated in a bit of bond fraud on the side as Fitzgerald notifies the reader in chapter nine (158). A strange caller says to Nick (thinking him Gatsby), ‘Young Parke’s in trouble. They picked him up when he handed the bonds over the counter.’ The way he commits himself to such illegalities is irresponsible on his behalf and it reveals how the American Dream has become revolved around money. Human greediness to obtain money, have corrupted the dream that once was so much more innocent. Comparatively, George does not involve himself in such a tainted world and instead follows a morally acceptable path in life by owning a legal garage. To some extent though, Fitzgerald uses this character to emphasise how such a traditional stance like the one George takes up (where one follows the ‘Protestant work ethic’), is unable to survive in such a morally decayed world that was the Jazz Age. Fitzgerald describes him in chapter two, as ‘mingling immediately with the cement colour of the walls’ of his garage. In some way it shows how the years he has been following this legitimate path, have caused him to effectively fade away into the dull environment that he inhabits. Kathleen Parkinson described Gatsby as ‘a mysterious and ambivalent figure’. This is a true interpretation of Gatsby in the sense that, unlike George, there is a build up prior to his introduction into the novel. At Gatsby’s first party in chapter three, various rumours of Gatsby’s past circulate the party. One guest exclaims that Gatsby is a ‘nephew of Kaiser Wilhelm’ and others go on to say how they heard that he had ‘killed a man’ or ‘been a German spy’ or ‘been in the American army.’ All this mystery serves to stimulate Nick’s curiosity, which possibly leads to his more lenient and sympathetic stance when it comes to Gatsby. It also creates a sense of suspense in the reader that heightened Gatsby’s entrance into the novel. Rumour plays an integral role in the novel as Fitzgerald uses it to provide the reader with the option of deciding whether or not they believe it and this technique evo kes more interest in certain characters like Gatsby. Evidently, Gatsby embodies the idea of the American Dream as is suggested in chapter three where Nick reports on how Gatsby would look across the golf at ‘that green light’ every night. This ‘green light’ would have symbolised various things for Gatsby. It would have been a symbol of generally the American Dream, but also more specifically for Gatsby, the prospect of the ‘green’ colour of money and achieving Daisy. Gatsby appears to have achieved the American Dream to some extent as he has risen from an impoverished child to a young man with great material wealth. He is the main dreamer in the novel; however, it appears that he is following two dreams. His initial dream becomes apparent in chapter nine where Gatsby’s father talks of Gatsby’s ‘SCHEDULE’ that he wrote when he was seventeen. In the ‘GENERAL RESOLVES’ (164) Gatsby wrote ‘Read one improving book or magazine per week’ which reveals straightaway how his dream of becoming rich and fitting into the world of high society, originates from when he was a teenager. Additionally, it uncovers the immaturity of Gatsby and his dream, as he has never allowed his dream to develop and grow up like he has. His other dream was a distorted version of the American dream, (which in some way used the wealth he had gained from achieving the American Dream), which was to retrieve his childhood love – Daisy. This dream was established in the past, and therefore fixates on the past. Gatsby’s naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve personality and his ruthlessness to achieve this dream ignore what Daisy has become and he appears to pursue the ‘old’ Daisy which remains vividly in his dreams. The way in which Gatsby was driven by his undying love for a woman is a reflection of Fitzgerald’s own life and dreams too. He too joined the army (1917) and eventually fell in love with a seventeen year old girl called ‘Zelda Sayre’. Zelda finally agreed to marry him, but her overpowering desire for wealth, fun, and leisure led her to delay their wedding until he could prove a success. Their relationship appears to be like Gatsby and Daisy’s. The following quote reveals the point in the novel at which all of Daisy’s charm and beauty is stripped away, leaving nothing but money to be admired underneath: ‘That was it. I’d never understood before. It was full of money- that was the inexhaustible charm that rose and fell in it, the jingle of it, the cymbals’ song of it.’ (Chapter seven) Gatsby realizes late into the novel, how his dream has been ripped apart into dollar bills as he discovers that for years he has been in pursuit of not love, but cold, harsh money which is hidden behind the disguise of a human face. Following the death of Gatsby and the suicide of George, it becomes apparent that Fitzgerald is using the deaths of a rich man and a poor man who both set out to achieve their unattainable goals, to symbolise the death of the original dream on which America was founded. With consideration given to George, he too shares the American Dream with Gatsby; however he seems to be pursuing the ‘old’ American Dream and not the ‘New’ one like Gatsby. George reveals his dream in chapter seven, where he says: I’ve been here too long. I want to get away. My wife and I want to go West. She’s been talking about it for ten years.’ Clearly his dream is the opposite of Gatsby’s. He wants to migrate West like the original settlers and wants to follow the idea to ‘Go West young man!’ This idea was commonly followed by many families who would migrate out to the West and set up a basis to gather wealth. This is the case for the characters, Tom and Daisy, whose families formed their wealth out in the West through hard labour, so that their children could have better lives than they did. Undoubtedly, George wants his share of this; however, the way in which he says that his wife has ‘been talking about it for ten years’ is possibly a suggestion that it is more her dream than his and that he has been bullied into dreaming of it by her domineering nature. Whatever the case, he almost definitely dreams of a more comfortable life than what he already suffers. Gatsby and George are similar in the ways they both resort to deception in order to attain their originally unattainable dreams. They both resort to this in their relationships. Gatsby is found to do this in chapters four and five. When Nick is informed of the history between Gatsby and Daisy, by Jordan, it appears that she believed him to have wealthy roots when he did not. In chapter five he tells Daisy how ‘it only took him three years to earn the money that bought’ his mansion. He initially created the false perception of himself that fooled Daisy into false hope. Daisy probably saw in Gatsby a future of material possessions and comfort, which she adored. But he did not have this and when he comes round to having this in the latter, he lies about how he came to earn the money. He shields her from his true identity as a criminal, so that once again he can relight the false perception she had of him. George follows suit and lies to Myrtle early on in their relationship. When Myrtle reveals her hatred towards her husband in chapter two, she says ‘I married him because I thought he was a gentleman. I thought he knew something about breeding, but he wasn’t fit to lick my shoe.’ As it appears through the use of the word ‘gentleman’, Myrtle wanted to marry someone of higher social status and of wealth, and George apparently gave her the false hope of this. He creates a false persona that fools her into thinking that her dream is coming true. In some way, the relationship between George and his wife is possibly what may have occurred in the relationship between Gatsby and Daisy, if they had run away together in their youth. There is a mirror image or reflection between Gatsby’s relationship and George’s, and Fitzgerald parallels the consequences of both. Comparing both men, they both seem to be solitary figures who are overly involved in their work. For instance, when looking at Gatsby he is clearly a type of ‘loner’ and this may be down to the fact that he is too set upon retrieving Daisy to have anytime for others. The only circumstance that he has friends is when they are a means to an end with Gatsby, as he only manipulates them to get something out of them. For instance, he befriends Jordan and Nick especially as means of getting closer to Daisy. In chapter four, it is clear that Gatsby has manipulated Jordan into sorting out a meeting between him and Daisy, when she says to Nick: ‘You’re supposed to invite her to tea’ (78). The inclusion of the word ‘supposed’, suggests how Gatsby plans what he wants to get out of people. At Gatsby’s first party ‘the girls swoon back into the men’s encircling arms, but no one swooned backward on Gatsby.’ This example shows how Gatsby never socialised with people unless he required something from them, and as Nick shows in chapter three where he says that he ‘hasn’t even seen the host’ (49), hardly anyone really knows who Gatsby is. Also, he constantly thinks of his work. Even at his parties, he rudely has to excuse himself to take calls from places like ‘Philadelphia’ and ‘Chicago’ which are renowned cities for their corrupt environments where gangsters based themselves. This work is funding his dream in a way, as if he had not been gathering money like this, then he would still be poor and he would not have had the money to buy such been close to Daisy. George similarly is a man of solitude due to his wife and work; he is portrayed as having no real friends. He is a sick failure who is reduced to the status of a ‘ghost’. This ‘ghost-like’ appearance or presence is highlighted in chapter two when Tom and Nick visit George at the garage and his wife Myrtle is said to have ‘smiled slowly and, walking through her husband as if he were a ghost.’ This emphasises the lack of presence and authority he has, as his wife walks through him not noticing or caring that he is standing there. She is far more interested in Tom to care about where her husband is. The way he is referred to as a ‘ghost’ – the disembodied spirit or soul of a deceased person – is a link to not only death but more specifically, the death of the land he lives in. Fitzgerald is therefore linking George to the failure of the ‘Valley of ashes’ and it is noticeable that he never does this sort of thing with Gatsby. Gatsby is never linked to the riches of the land of the Eggs, which in a way shows how he does not fit in with the high society of the Eggs and this crucially establishes his isolation within such an environment. George is similar to Gatsby also, in the sense that he always thinks about his work too. This becomes clear in chapter two where he pesters Tom with the question: ‘When are you going to sell me that car?’ This highlights his desperation to make a sale and also suggests that he feels he has to jump on every customer who enters his garage, due to the lack of business he receives. Further, it shows his solitude as he scarcely has any customers and thus does not have any interactions with other people. Nick as narrator, appears to be far more lenient towards Gatsby. Following the deaths of both men, Nick only makes it his duty to sort out Gatsby’s funeral and does not think of George’s. In addition, when Tom wants Nick to meet his mistress in chapter two, Nick says how he had ‘no desire to meet her.’ This statement suggests how Nick feels he is being disloyal to Daisy. He does not think to consider how George would feel knowing about the affair his wife is having with one of his own acquaintances (Tom). Additionally, Nick seems to overlook Gatsby’s criminal behaviours even though he has been given enough evidence to suggest that Gatsby is a gangster. Fitzgerald’s portrayal of both men differs greatly, so much so that they appear to be direct opposites of one another. Gatsby is rich and has a more fulfilling life than George, who suffers the dullness of living in a dump (Valley of Ashes) and the lack of respect from his wife. The relationship between George and his wife is peculiar and goes against the historical view of a married couple. In the Victorian era, women would have had to stay at home in order to attend to maternal duties, whilst the husband would have had to provide the income. Usually the man had the authority over the woman, and in the case of the Wilson’s, there has been a role reversal. However, these two men are linked superficially by their failure to achieve their unattainable dreams which they had been pursuing throughout life. Considering that Gatsby was originally a working class poor man in previous years, and that he and George both die in honour of their failed dreams, suggests that when a poor man tries to enter into a higher social status like Gatsby, their efforts are rendered useless. Not only does this circumstance reveal the divide in society but additionally it emphasises the moral decay of American society amidst the superficial impressiveness of upper-class profligacy.